• 2-Wheeler (7 projects – 0.15 L engine)
• 3-Wheeler (9 projects – 0.1 – 0.6 L engines)
• Passenger Car (10 projects – 1 – 1.4 L engines)
• Light Commercial Vehicle / LCV (6 projects – 2.5 – 4 L engines)
• Sports Utility Vehicle / SUV (6 projects – 2.5 – 4 L engines)
• Small Commercial Vehicle / SCV (3 projects – 1.5 L engine)
• Heavy Commercial Vehicle / HCV – Bus / Trucks (10 projects – 3 – 6 L engines)

• Off-Road / Genset (7 projects – 3 – 6 L engines)
• Tractor
• Construction Equipment Vehicle (CEV)
• Marine
• Locomotive
• Agriculture Equipment

• Engine Calibration
• Upgradation of the engine for specific fuel
• Genset Certification and Consultancy

• Vehicle Calibration
• Safety layout design and review as per AIS
• Vehicle trials as per CMVR/Specific requirements

• Vehicle Test Cell (Chassis Dynamometer – 150 kW)
• Engine test cell (50 kW to 800 kW) – Steady State & Transient
• Fuel characterization – GC, CCMS
• H2/CNG, Hydrogen

• Fuel Characterisation
• Preparation of additive / oil / catalyst and its evaluation
• Training on alternate engine, fuel, vehicle, rules and regulation to RTO and other govt officials, Fuel suppliers, STU’s, Academician, Industry personnel, Graduate trainees, etc.
• Consultancy on need basis for specific project / technical support. AOBD demonstration Consultancy.
• System verification, review and readiness for any specified notification
• Assistance in new standard development
• Third party inspection

Gaseous fuel engine Completed project summary so far (1996 to as on date)

ARAI is working on alternative fuels including development of gaseous fuel since 1992 and successfully completed more than 100 projects for Indian OEMs and majority vehicles are plying on Indian roads.

In a view to minimise emissions, enhance efficiency and reduce oil imports, ARAI developed more than 30 dual fuel engines for off-road vehicle application including 2-wheeler, 3-wheeler, passenger car, LCV, HCV and off-road application like tractor, construction vehicle, Genset, etc. OEMs showed interest to develop the dual fuel engine using the piston, power cylinder, piston cooling, port type or vehicle-driven pump, etc. The challenge in dual fuel engine is the limit of power to achieve the required performance due to limitation of the proportion of diesel substitution. ARAI designed the dual fuel combustion system by evaluating injection timing, exhaust system and after-treatment design. In order to increase the mixing efficiency and exhaust-after treatment temperature, the exhaust routing has been changed so that the air and fuel will improve the combustion process inside the combustion chamber, and to lower the treatment of the engine-out pollutants.

• All projects have been successfully commercialized, resulting in the launch of vehicles that incorporate these advancements into the market.
• The development process was carried out using a single after-treatment system, the 3-way catalytic converter (3-way Cat-Con) ensuring effective emission control within a simplified system.
• For the Turbocharged Spark Ignition Compression (TCIC) version, mechanical orifice-controlled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) systems were employed. Additionally, Particulate filters were not utilized for Particulate Number (PN) control in these systems.
• Robust calibration strategies have been implemented to effectively manage and control ammonia (NH₃) emissions and particulate number (PN), ensuring compliance with stringent emission standards and optimal engine performance.

• Development of BS-VI compliant 6-Cylinder NA CNG Engine
• Development of BS-VI compliant 4-Cylinder TCIC CNG Engine
• Development of BS-VI compliant 6-Cylinder TCIC CNG Engine
• Demonstrative up-gradation of existing BS-IV CNG HCV Engine to meet BS-VI emissions

Traditionally, diesel and ethanol cannot be mixed; however, ARAI has successfully developed specialized additives that enable the blending of ethanol with diesel.

• Various ethanol-diesel blends, ranging from 5% to 15%, were optimized, with a 7.7% ethanol blend found to be most suitable.
• This development supports the Government of India’s “Aatmnirbhar Bharat” program by promoting the partial use of locally produced ethanol as a substitute for diesel.
• The use of these ethanol-diesel blends contributes to significant emission reductions.

ARAI has developed indigenous technology for converting existing diesel engines and vehicles to operate in dual (Diesel + CNG) mode.

• Utilization of environmentally friendly CNG as a replacement for fossil fuel (Diesel).
• Use of low-carbon fuel helps in reducing the carbon footprint.
• Significant reduction in emission levels.
• Cost-effective operation.
• All existing diesel-based vehicles and engines can be converted to dual fuel operation with minimal modifications.
• Dual fuel technology demonstration on off-highway application
• Dual fuel technology demonstration on Tractor application

The project was initiated to assess the existing 2 and 4 wheelers vehicles and engines (BS III to BS VI models) compatibility with M15 fuel and with reference to E10 fuel. In addition, M15+E10 fuel (50:50) blend emission tests also conducted in the same vehicles as an extended study.

• Emission evaluation and impact of the methanol blend on the in-use vehicles
• Engine and Vehicle on-road durability
• Material compatibility study

• Evaluation of the impact of the E20 on BS III, BS IV and BS VI 2W and 4W vehicles for tail pipe emission and Fuel economy
• Constant Speed fuel consumption trials
• Engine Durability
• Material Compatibility study for impact of E20 w.r.t. E10

• Fuel characterization: E20, E85, E93 and E100-Hydrous fuels
• Comparison of tail pipe emission and FE for E85, E93 and E100-Hydrous fuels
• Technical Inferences of the vehicle behavior with respect to legislative cycle
• Gap Analysis for the calibration efforts needed to meeting emission as per the BS VI regulation as compared to emission regulation in Brazil

• India’s 1st M100 2-Wheeler vehicle meeting BS VI emission
• Meeting BS VI emission with base hardware: Injector and FIE System
• Development of Concept for heating requirement for M100 for overcoming the cold startability issue
• Further Compression ratio is modified from 9:1 to 13:1 for increase in thermal efficiency and mileage was improvised by 9%

• Evaluation of HCNG: 15%, 18%, 25% and 30% for 3W application
• Measurement of Combustion parameter for the vehicle for the impact of the H2 blend with CNG
• Calibration of the vehicle meeting BS VI emission norms

• Evaluation of 4W performance with E10, E20 and E85 along with emission and FE with Flex Fuel kit
• Suggestions on the needed modification and legislative requirement to customer from Indian Perspective

• Emission evaluation and comparison of performance for different legislative cycles
• Vehicle instrumentation for benchmarking
• Predicting the Engine combustion strategy
• Evaluating the aftertreatment and data generation for the emission reduction strategy
• Recording of ECU data for engine operation in PTP/FTP
• Evaluation of the vehicle on Dyno for RDE and Standard Cycles

• Successful demonstration of an LPG-powered fishing boat at Sassoon Dockyard, Mumbai.
• Conducted by ARAI in collaboration with M/s. VANAZ for the Department of Fisheries, Government of Maharashtra.
• ARAI has developed an LPG fishing boat to reduce pollution and cut fuel costs by approximately 50-55%. Transitioning from kerosene and petrol to LPG in traditional fishing boats will help lower operational expenses for fishermen.
• The inauguration of the boat was performed by Secretary of Fisheries (Government of Maharashtra), and Director General of the Fishery Survey of India.

• On World Biofuel Day 2025, Praj hosted BioVerse, a technology showcase highlighting innovations in biofuels. The event was inaugurated by Hon’ble Union Minister Shri Nitin Gadkari.
• KOEL unveiled a 20 kVA genset powered entirely by 100% Iso-Butyl Alcohol (IBA), developed collaboratively by ARAI, KOEL, and Praj.

• Completed friction torque testing on two diesel engines to evaluate the effect of different engine oil grades on frictional power loss.
• The test was performed on transient test dynamometer with dedicated systems to control the coolant and oil temperatures.

Key areas of collaboration include:

• Joint research on lubricants, coolants, fuels & oil additives, and alternate energy solutions.
• Development of advanced engines and vehicles for future-ready technologies across fuel types.
• Evaluation of indigenous technologies with technical support where required.
• Knowledge sharing and exchange of expertise for mutual growth.
• Exploring other emerging areas of common interest over time.

• Power Train Durability of the Vehicle on Chassis Dynamometer [PTD]
• Support for BS VI – OBD II development, Fuel/Lub-Oil testing
• Authorized Test Agency by CHT for the Fuel and oil Additive testing and certification as per CHT – Compendium

• Total of 8 cascades
• Each cascade has a water capacity of 200 liters
• Storage pressure of 200 bar
• Can store HCNG upto 30%

LNG Tank Features

• Vacuum + Super-insulated Horizontal LNG fuel tank – 02 Nos.
• 450 Liter water capacity tanks
• Storage pressure: 8 bar – 12 bar
• Safety Features: Over Pressure regulator, Downstream safety valve

Evaporator Features

• LNG flow capacity: 30 kg/hr.
• Atmospheric evaporator suitable for 50 kg/hour of LNG flow
• LNG Vent Hose equipped with Vent Nozzle
• Safety Features: Over-pressure regulator, Downstream safety valve